Racial Tensions in the Military


Racism, Unrest, and Resistance

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Legend

"Armed Forces: Black Powerlessness." (November 29, 1971). Time, p. 24-25.
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"Black GIs, Rebellion and the Fall of the Flag." (February 14, 1999). Revolutionary Worker #994. Retrieved March 3, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://rwor.org/a/v20/990-99/994/blkgis.htm.
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"Black Power In Viet Nam." (September 19, 1969). Time, p. 22-23.
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"Black Soldiers Fight Two Enemies in Viet Nam." (February 1969). Sepia, 18(2), 61-63.
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Blumenthal, Ralph. "Army Finds Rise Of Racial Tension In Study Of Bases." New York Times, January 25, 1970, p. 1, 2.
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Blumenthal, Ralph. "'Pervasive' Racial Unrest Is Found In Armed Forces." New York Times, November 29, 1969, p. 1, 7.
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Boyle, Richard. GI Revolts: The Breakdown of the U.S. Army in Vietnam. (May 1973). Retrieved March 3, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rgibson/girevolts.htm.
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Brossard, Chandler. "A Soldier is Buried in Charleston." (May 31, 1966). Look, p. 72-76.
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Buckley, Kevin. Review of David Cortright, "Soldiers in Revolt: The American Military Today." Anchor Press/Doubleday, 317 pp. From The New York Review of Books, May 13, 1976, p. 30.
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"Call for Reopening of the L.D. Smith Murder Case." (April 1998). The Nationalist.org. Retrieved February 21, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.nationalist.org/ATW/1998/apr.html#Call.
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Carroll, Maurice. "Petition By G.I.'s Raises War Issue." New York Times, March 16, 1969, p. 4.
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"Complains of Viet Troop Bias, Confederate Flag Before Death." (April 4, 1968) Jet, ?(?), 8-9.
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Cortright, David. (1990). "Black GI Resistance During the Vietnam War." Vietnam Generation, 2(1), 51-64.
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Daniell, Curtis. (August 1968). "Germany: Trouble Spot for Black G.I's." Ebony, 23(10), p. 124-128.
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"Department Tightens Control Over Use of Arms." New York Times, July 26, 1970, p. 46.
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Dickinson, Tim. "A Lott to Answer For." (December 13, 2002). MotherJones.com. Retrieved Feburary 27, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.motherjones.com/commentary/columns/
2002/12/we_243_01.html.
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"Diversity Week Lecture Series Features Civil War, Vietnam War and Zora Neale Hurston." (January 8, 2003). Florida Institute of Technology. Retrieved November 23, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.fit.edu/newsroom/news/2003.01.html.
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Fiman, Byron G., Jonathan F. Borus, M. Duncan Stanton. (1975). "Black-White and American-Vietnamese Relations Among Soldiers in Vietnam." Journal of Social Issues, 31(4), p. 39-48.
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Fitnah, Nazzam Al. "Resistance to the Murders: Black Vet Refuses to Fight; Hits U.S. 'Lies' About Viet." Muhammad Speaks, July 14, 1967, p. 7.
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"Flag Used to Enslave Negroes, Flies Again." Muhammad Speaks, May 5, 1967, p. 7.
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"Florida: Soldier's Rest." (September 7, 1970). Newsweek, p. 33-34.
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Fox, Sylvan. "War and Prejudice: A Negro Family Embittered." New York Times, March 23, 1968, p. 33.
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"G.I.'s Demonstrate in Saigon." New York Times, January 16, 1971, p. 10.
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Graham, Herman O., III. Brothers for a Year: How African-American GIs Became Men Through Combat Friendships and Black Power During the Vietnam War. Thesis: University of Pennsylvania. 1999, 263 p.
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Hancock, Gordon. "Would Race-Hating Officers Doom Black GI's to Death in Viet?" Muhammad Speaks, August 26, 1966, p. 6, 22.
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Holles, Everett. "Crews Racial Grievances to Get Hearing by Navy." New York Times, November 12, 1969, p. 1.
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Holles, Everett. "Navy Disciplines Dissident Soldiers." New York Times, November 11, 1972, p. 1.
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"Home Is the Soldier." (June 6, 1966). Newsweek, p. 31.
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"Integration In Death." (January 14, 1970). The Christian Century, p. 37.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "Armed Forces: Blacks Don't Feel They Get a Fair Shake." New York Times, November 29, 1970, p. 193.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "Armed Forces: Racial Violence Mars The Integration Record." New York Times, August 17, 1969, p. E6.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "G.I.'s in Germany: Black Is Bitter." New York Times, November 23, 1970, p. 1, 26.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "Marine Chief Vows To End Racial Rift." New York Times, August 16, 1969, p. 1, 14.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "Marines Are Investigating Alleged Meetings of 20 Blacks." New York Times, December 9, 1969, p. 108.
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Johnson, Thomas A. "Rise in Tensions Foreseen." New York Times, April 13, 1969, p. 2.
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Jones, Pfc. Donnel. "Racism in Viet Nam [Letters to the Editor]." (August 1968). Sepia, 17(8), p. 6.
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Kroll, Jerome. (February 1976). "Racial Patterns of Military Crimes in Vietnam." Psychiatry, 39(1), 51-64.
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Kronenberg, Philip S. (February 4, 1969). "Vietnam, the Military, and Black Militancy." (Sound recording). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, Bloomington, Archives of Traditional Music.
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Loeb, Jeff. "Epiphany In Memphis." (Fall/Winter 1998). War, Literature & the Arts. Retrieved September 14, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.wlajournal.com/wlafall/jeff_loeb.htm.
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"Negro G.I.'s Wife Sues Cemetery." New York Times, July 26, 1969, p. 3.
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"Negro Vet Tells GIs to 'Strike,' Says: Warmongers Wasting U.S. Youths' Lives'" Muhammad Speaks, March 17, 1967, p. 21.
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"News Summary and Index." New York Times, January 4, 1970, p. 79.
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"Newer Negro Marines Are Looking for Identity With Blackness." New York Times, December 21, 1969, p. 44.
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"A Permanent Panel Sought On Military Base Disorders." New York Times, August 4, 1969, p. 8.
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Powers, Michael T. "Our Legacy." (November 3, 2002). Retrieved November 23, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.statestreetumc.org/sermonarchive/
November3.2002.doc.
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"Race Relations in the Vietnam War." (September 13, 1992). America's Defense Monitor. Retrieved August 4, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cdi.org/
adm/Transcripts/552.
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Roberts, Steven V. "6 Policemen and an Informer Indicted for Rights Violations on West Coast." New York Times, March 4, 1971, p. 24.
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Sherrill, Robert. "Must the Citizen Give Up His Civil Liberties When He Joins the Army?" New York Times, May 18, 1969, p. SM25.
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Shockley, Donald G. "'No Bells for Bill'." (November 26, 1969). The Christian Century, p. 1508.
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"Tensions of Black Power Reach Troops in Vietnam." New York Times, April 13, 1969, p. 1, 2.
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"The Terry Funeral." (January 17, 1970). America, p. 30.
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Todd, George. (1969). "Grieving Parents Hate Mail Targets: Youngest Marine Casualty Buried with Honors in N.C." New York Amsterdam News, June 21, 1969, p. 27.
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"Viet Hero Sees Racial Bias in 'Big Lie'." In "Views on Vietnam." (March 29, 1966) Negro Press Digest, 14-15. [Originally appeared in Afro-American, February 26, 1966.]
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Wooten, James T. "Black soldier Buried Among Whites." New York Times, January 4, 1970, p. 57.
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Wright, Robert A. "Police Killing of Unarmed Black Stirs Los Angeles." New York Times, July 26, 1970, p. 46.
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Legend
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